The halogens or halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from Group 17 IUPAC Style (formerly: VIIA) of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Beacause astatine is a radioelement, halogen general comprise F、Cl、Br、I.
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ELV (End-of-Life Vehicle) refers to the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive. In the 1990s, attention to environmental issues related to automotive products increased significantly. To reduce the environmental impact of automotive products, protect the environment and resources, and save energy, various countries and regions have implemented environmental laws and regulations to strengthen the management of end-of-life vehicle recycling, improve recycling rates, reduce the environmental impact of end-of-life vehicles, and achieve sustainable growth in the automotive industry. How to handle end-of-life vehicles in an environmentally friendly and economical manner, promoting sustainable development in the automotive industry, has become a global focus, with waste management regulations becoming increasingly stringent.
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SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) testing refers to the testing and evaluation of whether products contain substances of very high concern listed in the EU REACH regulation. REACH stands for "Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals", which is a strict chemical management regulation formulated by the EU to protect human health and the environment.
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DIRECTIVE 2005/84/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 By 16 July 2006 Member States shall adopt and publish the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. They shall apply these measures from 16 January 2007.
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Nickel (Ni) is a silvery-white, hard, ductile, and ferromagnetic metal element. It can be highly polished and is resistant to corrosion. Nickel is a siderophile element, with the highest concentration found in the Earth's core, where it exists as a natural nickel-iron alloy. In the Earth's crust, mafic rocks contain more nickel than felsic rocks.
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There are multiple definitions for VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds). For example, the US ASTM D3960-98 standard defines VOC as any organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions; the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines it as any carbon compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, excluding CO, CO2, H2CO3, metal carbides, metal carbonates, and ammonium carbonate. The World Health Organization (WHO, 1989) defines Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) as the sum of volatile organic compounds with melting points below room temperature and boiling points between 50–260°C.
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PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) refer to substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (not connected to any H/Cl/Br/I atoms). These substances are characterized by persistence, long-range migration potential, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Evidence shows that PFAS cause global pollution to the environment, wildlife, and humans, accumulate in the human body, pose a direct threat to human health, and are exacerbating the biodiversity crisis. Applications: Waterproofing, oil resistance, stain resistance, chemical resistance, temperature resistance, reducing surface friction, achieving surface activity, etc. Due to their excellent properties, they are widely used in the electronics and electrical industry for materials and components such as semiconductors, wires and cables (insulation), cable assemblies, printed circuit boards, etc.
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A fire door is a door that can meet the requirements of fire resistance stability, integrity, and thermal insulation within a certain period of time. It is a fire separation component with a certain level of fire resistance, installed in fire compartments, evacuation stairwells, vertical shafts, etc.
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